How we source data.

Public data sources we cite

• Social Security Administration, period life tables for life expectancy calculations.
• NAIC (National Association of Insurance Commissioners), carrier statutory filings.
• A.M. Best, public financial strength ratings.
• S&P Global, Moody's, Fitch, additional carrier ratings.
• Federal Reserve (FRED), Treasury yields, interest rate history.
• Yahoo Finance, historical S&P 500 returns for FIA simulations.
• Carrier annual reports and prospectuses, primary product documentation.

What we do not use

We do not paywall data behind logins, do not represent third-party rate aggregators as our own data, and do not cite social media posts as factual sources.